Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterised by a mixture of symptoms that are believed to be due to a disorder of intestinal motor function.
Some estimates suggest that as many as one in five of the adult population in the UK suffer from it at any one time.
In the UK about 13 per cent of women and 5 per cent of men suffer from IBS.
Although we don't know what causes IBS, about half of all people will date the start of their symptoms to a major life event such as change of house or job, or bereavement.
About 10 to 20 per cent of people will date the start of their symptoms to an acute gastroenteritis. In the remainder of cases, the trigger factor remains unidentified.
The symptoms of IBS vary and may occur at any age. They often start in late teenage years or early adulthood.
The symptoms will depend on which parts of the gut are involved.
There is often overlap between areas of the gut.
Some people may experience problems in only one part of the gut, others in several. Symptoms can also vary over time.
Oesophagus
• A sensation like a golf ball in the throat between meals which does not interfere with swallowing .
• Heartburn - burning pain often felt behind the breastbone.
• Painful swallowing, but without hold-up of food.
• Sticking of food (dysphagia) - this requires investigation.
Stomach
• Non-ulcer dyspepsia
• Feeling full after small meals. This may reach the stage of not being able to finish a meal.
• Abdominal bloating after meals.
Small bowel
• Increased gurgling noises which may be loud enough to cause social embarrassment (borborygmi).
• Abdominal bloating which may be so severe that women describe themselves as looking pregnant.
• Generalised abdominal tenderness associated with bloating.
• Abdominal bloating of both types usually subsides overnight and returns the following day.
Large bowel symptoms:
• Headaches.
• In women, left-sided abdominal pain during sex.
• Passing urine more often.
• Fatigue and tiredness.
• Sleep disturbance.
• Loss of appetite.
• Nausea.
• Depressive symptoms in about a third of patients.
• Anxiety and stress-related symptoms, which may interact with gut symptoms.
• Abdominal bloating of both types usually subsides overnight and returns the following day.
• Right-sided abdominal pain. Does not always get better on opening the bowels.
• Pain tucked up under the left ribs When the pain is bad, it may enter the left armpit.
• Variable and erratic bowel habits alternating from constipation to diarrhoea.
• Increased gastro-colic reflex. This is an awakening of the childhood reflex where food in the stomach stimulates colonic activity, resulting in the need to open the bowels.
• Severe, short stabbing pains in the rectum, called proctalgia fugax.